NUVO Black Holes - NUVO Theory

🕳️ NUVO Black Holes

In classical General Relativity, a black hole forms when mass compresses within its Schwarzschild radius, creating an event horizon beyond which nothing can escape. In NUVO Theory, black holes emerge not from infinite curvature, but from the saturation of scalar modulation — a condition where the local geometry stretches so dramatically that time dilation and spatial expansion halt causal escape.

⚙️ Scalar Modulation Near Massive Objects

NUVO describes all gravitational phenomena as resulting from scalar modulation of the unit lengths that define space and time. This modulation is governed by:

\(
\lambda(r) = 1 + \left( \gamma – 1 \right) + \frac{GM}{r^2 c^2}
\)

For black hole formation, we are most interested in the potential-dominated case. As \( r \rightarrow r_c = \frac{GM}{c^2} \), the modulation becomes extreme:

\(
\lambda(r) \rightarrow \infty
\)

This implies total decoherence of local time and spatial scale — effectively freezing clocks and stretching distance indefinitely from the perspective of a distant observer.

🕰️ Time Dilation at the Horizon

Time dilation in NUVO arises from the same scalar modulation:

\(
\frac{d\tau}{dt} = \frac{1}{\lambda(r)}
\)

As \( \lambda(r) \rightarrow \infty \), we find:

\(
\frac{d\tau}{dt} \rightarrow 0
\)

This is not an artifact of coordinate choice, but a direct reflection of how unit time dilates under the scalar field. Time appears to stop at the horizon — a result consistent with the infinite redshift surface in GR.

🧱 Horizon from Geometry, Not Curvature

In NUVO, a black hole horizon is the location at which the scalar modulation saturates the unit length field. It is not defined by curvature singularities but by the physical breakdown of spacetime coherence. The boundary:

\(
r = r_c = \frac{GM}{c^2}
\)

marks the surface where no coherent frame of reference exists that connects to external observers.

Unlike GR, this formulation allows for field continuity through the horizon — meaning NUVO may permit internal structure models without classical singularities.

🚫 No Singularities Required

Because NUVO does not rely on curvature tensors, it avoids the need for divergent invariants. The scalar field may remain finite and well-behaved even where \( \lambda(r) \) becomes large.

Instead of a point singularity, NUVO black holes may host a core with collapsed sinertia, where rest energy is stored as geometric flux.

🌌 Observational Signatures

NUVO black holes produce the same external gravitational field as predicted by GR:

Gravitational lensing
Redshift and time dilation
Orbital behavior of nearby matter

But the internal structure and interpretation of the horizon may differ:

Finite scalar field values
No infinite curvature
Scalar-based transition layer

🔁 Comparison: NUVO vs. GR Black Holes

Feature	General Relativity	NUVO Theory
Horizon Mechanism	Spacetime curvature	Scalar modulation saturation
Time Dilation	Coordinate divergence	\( d\tau/dt = 1/\lambda(r) \)
Singularity	Curvature singularity	Potential scalar collapse (finite)
Field Equations	Einstein tensor	Scalar flux and sinertia geometry